8th Chemistry

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STUDENTS SHOULD KNOW	EXAMPLES OF WHAT STUDENTS SHOULD BE ABLE TO DO
Atoms are building blocks of all matter.
1. There are highly reactive metals, less reactive metals, highly reactive nonmetals (such as chlorine, fluorine, and oxygen), and some non reactive gases (such as helium and neon). An especially important kind of reaction between substances involves combination of oxygen with something else as in burning or rusting. (AKSci - A.2)	o Place two elements from each of the described categories on a blank periodic table.

Matter may undergo changes.
1. When matter undergoes a chemical change, the physical properties as well as the molecular structure change. (AKSci - A.2)
2. Atoms of elements can combine to form compounds having new properties. (AKSci - A.2)	o Predict end products and their physical properties, given reactants in a simple chemical reaction.
3. During chemical change atoms in compounds may separate and recombine to form new compounds. These chemical reactions involve energy changes. (AKSci - A.2, A8a)	o Measure and graph temperature changes in an exothermic and/or endothermic reaction.
4. No matter how substances within a closed system interact with one another, or how they combine or break apart, the total mass of the system remains the same. The idea of atoms explains the conservation of matter: if the number of atoms stays the same no matter how they are rearranged, then their total mass stays the same. (AKSci - A.1, A.2, A.8a)	o Mass reactants and then products to demonstrate the Law of Conservation of Mass.

Matter has properties that can be measured.
1. Substances have characteristic chemical properties such as pH and reactivity. (AKSci - A.1)	o Measure pH of various household chemicals using pH paper or pH indicator.
2. Equal volumes of different substances usually have different mass. (AKSci - A.1)	o Compare the measurement of mass of different substances with the same volume.