Tips:

MLA refers to the Modern Language Association style of writing research papers citing sources.

If there is no author, start with the title. This will happen a lot with web sites.

Yes, you need to use all of the punctuation.

For books all of the information can be found in the book, on the title page and its verso (the other side).

All lines in the citation after the first line, must be indented 5 spaces. This is called a hanging indentation.

The bibliography should be alphabetized by the first word in each citation. (Do not alphabetize using: A, The, or An)

Remember, when you are doing your research, to get the following information from each source that you use. Most teachers at Gruening Middle School, at high school, and at college, will expect you to use MLA citation. The examples below will show you the basics.

Book with 1 Author:

Last name, First name of author. Title of Book. City published in: Publisher, Copyright date.

For example:

Tessendorf, K.C. Over the Edge: Flying with the Arctic Heroes. New York: Atheneum Books for Young Readers, 1998.

Book with 2 Authors:

Last name, First name of author, and First name Last name of second author. Title of Book. City published in: Publisher, Date of copyright.

For example:

Weidenborner, Stephen, and Dominick Caruso. Writing Research Papers. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1986.

Book with 3 or more Authors:

Last name, First name of first author listed, et al. Title of Book. City published in: Publisher, Date of copyright.

For example:

Kendal, Melissa, et al. The Amber Wars and the Development of Europe. New York: Shirlington, 1984.

*Print Encyclopedia:

Last name, First Name of author. "Title of article." Title of Encyclopedia. City published in: Publisher, Date of edition.

For example:

Brown, Paul. "Pollution." Encyclopedia Britannica: Macropedia. 1990 ed.

*Electronic Encyclopedias: (Encarta, Grolier's)

Last name, First name of author. "Title of Article." Title of Encyclopedia. CD-ROM.

For example:

Adams, Beverly. "Overpopulation." Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia. CD-ROM.

*Magazine:

Last name, First name of author. "Title of Article." Name of Magazine. Day Month Year of issue: Page numbers of article.

For example:

Hanes, Jon. "Understanding Thurber." Saturday Evening Post. 23 August 1986: 72.

*Newspaper:

Last name, First name of author. "Title of Article." Name of Newspaper. Day Month Year, Section and Page number.

For example:

McKinney, Debra. "Miracles of Chocolate." Anchorage Daily News. 11 February 2000, D1.

*Electronic Database: (E Library, Student Research, EBSCO)

Last name, First name of author. "Title of Article." Name of Publication. Day Month Year of Publication: page numbers. Name of Database. Library accessed in, City of Library, State, Day Month Year of access <URL>.

For example:

Fox, Justin. "What in the World Happened to Economics?" Fortune. 15 March 1999: 90-102. Electric Library, Gruening Middle School Library, Anchorage, AK, 22 September 2005 <http://www.elibrary.com>.

*Web Site:

Last name, First name of author. Title of Site. Date of last revision. Name of sponsoring organization. Day Month Year of access <URL>.

For example:

Afghanistan. 1 November 2005. Central Intelligence Agency. 3 January 2006 <http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/>.

Interview:

Last name, First name of person interviewed. Kind of interview. Day Month Year of Interview.

For example:

Washington, Denzel. Personal interview. 18 October 2005.

Ford, Harrison. Telephone interview. 17 October 2005.

Government Documents:

Last name, First name of author (or the name of the agency). Title of Publication. Place of publication: Publisher, date of publication.

For example:

U.S. Department of Commerce. Historical Statistics of the United States. Washington D.C.: GPO, 1975.

Films and Movies: List Films by their title and include the name of the director, the film studio or distributor and its release year.  If other information, like the names of performers, is relevant to how the film is referred to in your paper, include that as well.   Recorded Movies:  Include format names; "Videocassette" for VHS, "Digital Video Disc" for DVD.  Also list original release year after director, performers, etc. For Example: Ed Wood. Dir. Tim Burton. Perf. Johhny Depp, Martin Landau, Sarah Jessica Parker,      Patricia Arquette. 1994. Digital Video Disc. Touchstone, 2004

Works Cited

Adams, Beverly. "Overpopulation." The Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia. CD-ROM.

Afghanistan. 1 November 2005. Central Intelligence Agency. 3 January 2006 <http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/>.

Alaska's Salmon Fisheries. Anchorage: Alaska Geographic Society, 1983.

Brown, Paul. "Pollution." Encyclopedia Britannica: Macropedia. 1990 ed.

Central Intelligence Agency. Afghanistan. 10 February 2000

Conrad, Joseph. Heart of Darkness. New York: Konemann, 1999.

Ford, Harrison. Telephone Interview. 6 February 2005.

Fox, Justin. "What in the World Happened to Economics?" Fortune. 15 March 1999: 90-102. Electric Library Gruening Middle School Library, Anchorage, AK, 22 September 1999 <http://www.elibrary.com>.

Gibaldi, Joseph. MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers. New York: Modern Language Association of America, 1999.

Hanes, John. "Understanding Thurber." Saturday Evening Post. 23 August 1986: 72.

Kendal, Melissa, et al. The Amber Wars and the Development of Europe. New York: Shirlington, 1984.

McKinney, Debra. "Miracles of Chocolate." Anchorage Daily News. 11 February 2000, D1.

Tessendorf, K.C. Over the Edge: Flying with the Arctic Heroes. New York: Atheneum Books for Young Readers, 1998.

U.S. Department of Commerce. Historical Statistics of the United States. Washington D.C.: GPO, 1975.

Washington, Denzel. Personal Interview. 5 February 2000.

Weidenborner, Stephen, and Domenick Caruso. Writing Research Papers. New York: St. Martins Press, 1986.

Remember to alphabetize all entries by the first word in the entry.